Movement in intangible assets (by type groups) in the year ended 31 December 2022 Software, licenses and similar assets Trademarks Client relations Intangible assets under development Other intangible assets Total intangible assets
Gross value at the beginning of the
period
3 873 622 1 999 703 101 7 298
Changes: 101 1 14 149 9 274
purchases and in-house production 19 682 701
change in composition of the group 9 9
transfers 523 (531) 8
sale and liquidation (129) (1) (130)
foreign exchange differences and other (312) 1 5 (1) 1 (306)
Gross value at the end of the period 3 974 623 2 013 852 110 7 572
Accumulated amortization at the beginning of the period (2 120) (1 501) (81) (3 702)
Changes: (242) (104) (5) (351)
amortization for the period (496) (99) (6) (601)
 sale and liquidation 121 121
foreign exchange differences and other 133 (5) 1 129
Accumulated amortization at the end of the period (2 362) (1 605) (86) (4 053)
Impairment losses at the beginning of the period (15) (100) (61) (17) (193)
Changes charged to other operating expenses (47) (5) (52)
Other changes 6 2 8
Impairment losses – at the end of the period (56) (100) (61) (20) (237)
Net value of intangible assets at the end of the period 1 556 523 347 832 24 3 282

Movement in intangible assets (by type groups) in the year ended 31 December 2021 Software, licenses and similar assets Trademarks Client relations Intangible assets under development Other intangible assets Total intangible assets
Gross value at the beginning of the
period
3 442 622 1 999 565 99 6 727
Changes: 431 138 2 571
purchases and in-house production 23 782 2 807
transfers 6251) (632) 3 (4)
 sale and liquidation (262) (6) (3) (271)
foreign exchange differences and other 45 (6) 39
Gross value at the end of the period 3 873 622 1 999 703 101 7 298
Accumulated amortization at the beginning of the period (1 871) (1 373) (76) (3 320)
Changes: (249) (128) (5) (382)
amortization for the period (498) (128) (8) (634)
sale and liquidation 246 3 249
 transfers 3 3
Accumulated amortization at the end of the period (2 120) (1 501) (81) (3 702)
Impairment losses at the beginning of the period (23) (100) (61) (17) (201)
Changes charged to other operating expenses (7) (2) (9)
Claims handling 15 2 17
Impairment losses – at the end of the period (15) (100) (61) (17) (193)
Net value of intangible assets at the end of the period 1 738 522 437 686 20 3 403
1) Including PLN (4) million on account of transfers to the held-for-sale category under IFRS 5. przeznaczonych do sprzedaży zgodnie z MSSF 5.

Amortization of intangible assets, by their presentation in consolidated profit and loss account 1 January – 31 December 2022 1 January – 31 December 2021
Claims, benefits and movement in technical provisions 27 25
Acquisition expenses 36 33
Administrative expenses 427 436
Other operating expenses 1) 111 140
Total amortization 601 634
1)1) Including the amortization of intangible assets purchased in company acquisition transactions in the amount of PLN 99 million (in 2021: PLN 128 million).